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Eric Bechhoefer and Praneet Menon
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Bearing envelope analysis (BEA) is a powerful technique in the detection of faults in bearings. The improper selection of the envelope window frequency and window bandwidth can render the analysis ineffective. This can reduce the ability of a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) to correctly identify a degraded bearing. This occurred recently: a teardown analysis (TDA) of a utility helicopter oil cooler fan housing found extensive bearing damage. The HUMS did not detect the fault. This paper is an analysis of why the BEA failed to detect the damage bearing.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: helicopter
bearings
diagnostic performance
helicopters
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Eric Bechhoefer and Michael Kingsley
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Time Synchronous Average (TSA) is an essential algorithmic tool for determining the condition of rotating equipment. Given its significance to diagnostics, it is important to understand the algorithms performance characteristics. This paper addresses four topics in relation to the TSA performance characteristics. The first topic is the evaluation of the performance (measured against gear fault detection) of 6 different TSA algorithms.

Submission Keywords: 
condition monitoring
time domain analysis
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Lorenzo Borello, Matteo Dalla Vedova, Giovanni Jacazio, and Massimo Sorli
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Electrohydraulic servovalves are critical components of the hydraulic servos and their correct operation is mandatory to ensure the proper functioning of the controlled hydraulic servosystem. The servovalve operation is often monitored by measuring the position of its spool and comparing it with the servovalve electrical input. This continuous monitor can detect hardover or oscillating failures of the servovalve, but fails short of detecting other malfunctionings and it can only signal the loss of servovalve operation.

Submission Keywords: 
actuator
applications: aviation
prognostics
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Marcos E. Orchard, Liang Tang, Kai Goebel, and George Vachtsevanos
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Particle filters (PF) have been established as the de facto state of the art in failure prognosis, and particularly in the representation and management of uncertainty in long-term predictions when used in combination with outer feedback correction loops. This paper presents a novel Risk-Sensitive PF (RSPF) framework that complements the benefits of the classic approach, by representing the probability of rare and costly events within the formulation of the nonlinear dynamic equation that describes the evolution of the fault condition in time.

Submission Keywords: 
particle filtering
prognostics
risk assessment
uncertainty management
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Dustin Garvey, Martin John, and Joerg Baumann
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Prognostics has the potential to be very valuable in many industries. This is especially the case in the petroleum industry where the costs of tool failure are extremely high and continue to increase. Previous attempts have been made to predict the remaining useful life of drilling tools. While the developed methods were shown to be able to accurately predict the remaining useful life, the data requirement was such that they had limited or no viability in "real world" operations.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: industrial
health monitoring
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Richard A. Di Lorenzo and Michael A. Bayer
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

A prognostics and health management (PHM) system is the focus of attention in the Defense Acquisition University’s LOG 201 Intermediate Acquisition Logistics course. LOG 201 is a one-week case-based course required for Level II certification in the Department of Defense Life-cycle Logistics career field, as required by the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA). In this hypothetical case, the PHM System is to be embedded in the Strike Talon Unmanned Combat Aircraft System for use by the United States Air Force and Navy.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: aviation
autonomous system
PHM system design and engineering
requirements analysis
requirements flowdown
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Michael D. Sudolsky
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Recorder utilization of data formatting standards enables abundant life-cycle savings, and this is addressed herein. The ARINC Standards cited in this paper’s title (i.e., ARINC 573/717, 767 and 647A) have, in large part, been developed to facilitate Flight Data Recorder (FDR) mandatory data capture requirements. These standards foster important equipment interchangeability or interoperability requirements, and, since they are also applicable to Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS) recording, critical Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) applications are supported.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: aviation
standards
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Ruoyu Li, David He, and Eric Bechhoefer
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

When compared with a traditional planetary gearbox, the split torque gearbox (STG) potentially offers lower weight, increased reliability, and improved efficiency. These benefits have driven the helicopter manufacturing community to develop products using the STG. However, this may pose a challenge for the current gear analysis methods used in Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS). Gear analysis uses time synchronous averages to separate in frequency gears that are physically close to a sensor.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: helicopter
diagnosis
fault diagnosis
features
gears
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Neal Snooke
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

This paper builds on the ability to produce a comprehensive automated Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) using qualitative model based reasoning techniques. The automated FMEA provides a comprehensive set of fault–effect relations by qualitative simulation and can be performed early in the design process. The comprehensive nature of the automated FMEA results in a fault-effect mapping that can be used to investigate the diagnosability of the system. A common requirement is to facilitate cost reductions by removing sensors or to improve diagnosability by including additional sensors.

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Matthew Daigle and Kai Goebel
Submission Type: 
Full Paper

Model-based prognostics exploits domain knowledge of the system, its components, and how they fail by casting the underlying physical phenomena in a physics-based model that is derived from first principles. In most applications, uncertainties from a number of sources cause the predictions to be inaccurate and imprecise even with accurate models. Therefore, algorithms are employed that help in managing these uncertainties. Particle filters have become a popular choice to solve this problem due to their wide applicability and ease of implementation.

Submission Keywords: 
applications: space
filtering
model based prognostics
particle filtering
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